Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
is both a very specific and
sensitive approach for the direct
detection of target DNA regions
from a variety of sources. PCR
has been used extensively in
research and clinical diagnostics
applications since the early
1980's. The specificity of PCR
is a result of the targeted
amplification of a unique region
using forward and reverse primers
at the appropriate annealing
temperatures. Specificity and
sensitivity can be further improved
the use of restriction fragment
length polymorphism (RFLP) followed
by targeted hybridization with
labeled probes (Southern Blotting).
The presence of RNA can also
be detected by reverse transcription
followed by PCR. Clongen Laboratories
have dedicated laboratory areas
for extraction, amplification
and detection of PCR products.
Stringent procedures are applied
by highly trained graduate level
scientists to prevent cross
contamination with the amplicons.
Amplification reagents are prepared
in a clean room, separate from
the rest of the laboratory.
Positive and negative controls
are run in every assay to ensure
that the reaction is working
properly.